Prevalence and distribution of hepatitis C among high-risk populations in Pudong New Area, Shanghai City / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody, HCV RNA and genotype distribution of HCV in high-risk populations in Pudong New Area, Shanghai City, so that to provide evidence for making "hepatitis C micro elimination" strategies in Shanghai area.Methods:A survey with proportional sampling method was conducted among the high-risk populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID), voluntarily or compulsorily accepted drug detoxification or methadone treatment, human immunodeficiency virus voluntary counseling and testing (HIV VCT) outpatients, sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatients, and commercial sex workers, who participated in the routine physical examination activities held by the community health service centers and public hospitals of Pudong New Area from July 2021 to November 2022. The residual plasma samples were collected from medical examinations. HCV antibody was tested in all samples. HCV RNA and HCV genotype were tested in samples with positive HCV antibody results.Results:A total of 1 000 HCV high-risk people were screened, including 453 PWID, 166 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectors, 245 STD outpatients, and 136 commercial sex workers. The positive rates of HCV antibody in the four categories of personnel were 21.85%(99/453), 1.81%(3/166), 1.22%(3/245) and 0(0/136), respectively. The positive rate of HCV RNA was 42.68%(35/82) among HCV antibody positive people in high-risk populations. As much as 74.29%(26/35) of HCV RNA positive people had junior high school education or less, and 77.14%(27/35) of them were not married. Among the 12 samples tested for HCV genotype, five were genotype 3, five were genotype 6, and two were subtype 1b.Conclusions:PWID is the main high-risk HCV infection population, who should be the target of the following "hepatitis C micro elimination" strategies. The proportions of genotype 3 and genotype 6 are high in the high-risk HCV infection populations, and the pan-genotype direct-acting antiviral agent treatment may be more suitable in this situation. HCV infected persons in high-risk groups have low education level and marriage rate, which indicates that education and care in community are needed.

The Genetic and Prognostic Characteristics of AML-MRC Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the genetic and prognostic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) patients.@*METHODS@#There were 230 non-M3 AML patients treated in Ningbo First Hospital enrolled, among which 58 patients were newly diagnosed AML-MRC, the patients were followed up and SPSS 25.0 was used to statistically analyze.@*RESULTS@#There were 49 patients performed genetic testing, 29 patients (59.2%) showed chromosomal abnormalities, including 7q- 8 cases (16.3%), 5q- 6 cases (12.2%), 5 cases (10.2%) of 17p abnormalities, 13 cases (26.5%) of highly abnormal complex karyotypes (CK) (≥5 unrelated chromosomal abnormalities), CK contained chromosomal abnormalities such as +8, 5q-, and 12 cases (24.5%) of monosomal karyotypes (MK). Genetic testing was performed in 37 patients, and 24 (64.9%) patients showed genetic mutations, among which ASXL1 mutation was the most common (8 cases, 21.6%), followed by TET2 mutation in 6 cases (16.2%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that AML-MRC patients with high CK (P=0.012), 5q- abnormalities (P=0.038), and TP53 mutations (P=0.008) had poor overall survival.@*CONCLUSION@#AML-MRC has unique genetic characteristics, and high CK, 5q- and TP53 mutations are poor prognostic factors.

Analysis of carcinogenic virus infection in HIV-infected patients / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the status of carcinogenic infection in people infected with HIV and those with negative HIV test results in VCT clinics. To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and provide scientific basis for more targeted disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The serum levels of Epstein-Barr virus （EBV）， human herpesvirus type 8 （HHV-8） and human T-lymphotropic virus type Ⅰ （HTLV-Ⅰ） antibodies were detected by ELISA method in 224 HIV-infected patients and 480 HIV-negative visitors treated in VCT clinics during the same period from 2014 to 2017， to compare the differences in the infection rates of this virus between HIV-infected and HIV-negative individuals and to systematically analyze the correlation between viral infections and high-risk sexual behavior. Results Among the 224 HIV-infected patients， 79 were positive for EBV antibody， with the infection rate of 35.27%； 151 were positive for HHV-8 antibody， with the infection rate of 67.41%； and 95 were positive for HTLV-Ⅰ， with the infection rate of 42.41%. A total of 480 HIV negative visitors were tested. 7 patients were positive for EBV antibody， with the infection rate of 1.46%. 26 patients were infected with positive HHV-8 antibody， with the infection rate of 5.41%. 9 patients had positive HTIV-Ⅰ antibody， with the infection rate of 1.86%. The infection rates of the three carcinogenic viruses in HIV-infected patients were all higher than those in HIV-negative groups， and the differences were statistically significant （ P <0.05）. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of three highly carcinogenic viruses in HIV-infected patients and serious co-infection. It is necessary to improve the education of safe sex among HIV-infected patients and people with high risk of infection in order to curb the epidemic of HIV and other infectious diseases.

Analysis of carcinogenic virus infection in HIV-infected patients / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the status of carcinogenic infection in people infected with HIV and those with negative HIV test results in VCT clinics. To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and provide scientific basis for more targeted disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The serum levels of Epstein-Barr virus （EBV）， human herpesvirus type 8 （HHV-8） and human T-lymphotropic virus type Ⅰ （HTLV-Ⅰ） antibodies were detected by ELISA method in 224 HIV-infected patients and 480 HIV-negative visitors treated in VCT clinics during the same period from 2014 to 2017， to compare the differences in the infection rates of this virus between HIV-infected and HIV-negative individuals and to systematically analyze the correlation between viral infections and high-risk sexual behavior. Results Among the 224 HIV-infected patients， 79 were positive for EBV antibody， with the infection rate of 35.27%； 151 were positive for HHV-8 antibody， with the infection rate of 67.41%； and 95 were positive for HTLV-Ⅰ， with the infection rate of 42.41%. A total of 480 HIV negative visitors were tested. 7 patients were positive for EBV antibody， with the infection rate of 1.46%. 26 patients were infected with positive HHV-8 antibody， with the infection rate of 5.41%. 9 patients had positive HTIV-Ⅰ antibody， with the infection rate of 1.86%. The infection rates of the three carcinogenic viruses in HIV-infected patients were all higher than those in HIV-negative groups， and the differences were statistically significant （ P <0.05）. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of three highly carcinogenic viruses in HIV-infected patients and serious co-infection. It is necessary to improve the education of safe sex among HIV-infected patients and people with high risk of infection in order to curb the epidemic of HIV and other infectious diseases.

Low peripheral blood lymphocyte count predicts poor prognosis in the intermediate-risk myelodyplastic syndrome / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:This study is aimed to investigate the value of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in predicting the clinical prognosis of patients with myelodyplastic syndrome(MDS).Methods:245 patients with MDS who diagnosed in our hospital from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, re-diagnosed according to WHO 2016 standard, and 208 patients with intact IPSS-R were risk-stratified, all of the patients′ peripheral blood ALC were collected and analyzed, through the time dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis in Survival ROC package of R language, the optimal threshold value of ALC was 1.0×10 9/L. The patients of MDS were divided into normal ALC group (ALC ≥1.0×10 9/L) and low ALC group (ALC<1.0×10 9/L). Pearson χ 2 test and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences in general data between the two groups. The overall survival (OS) curve and leukemia-free survival (LFS) were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Long-rank test. Factors influencing the prognosis of MDS were analyzed by Cox Regression Model. Results:There were 97 cases in low ALC group and 148 cases in normal ALC group. The low ALC group had lower OS (15 months vs 60 months, P<0.000 1) and higher IPSS-R score (5.0 vs 3.75, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that ALC (<1.0×10 9/L) (HR:0.374,95% CI:0.153-0.917, P = 0.032) was independent risk factor of OS in IPSS-R-intermediate-risk MDS patients. Conclusion:This study shows that ALC in peripheral blood is an independent risk factor in IPSS-R-intermediate-risk MDS patients, which provides clinical evidence for the influence of body immunity on the development of MDS.

Analysis on UPLC Fingerprint and Determination of Multi-index Components in Pipa Qingfeiyin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the ultraperformance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint of Pipa Qingfeiyin substance benchmark， and to establish a quantitative analysis method for simultaneous determination of the contents of five index components， so as to provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of this famous classical formula. Method:ACQUITY UPLC^® CSH^TM C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） was used with mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-7 min， 5%-7%A； 7-11 min， 7%-8%A； 11-22 min， 8%-14%A； 22-30 min， 14%-15%A； 30-35 min， 15%-25%A； 35-42 min， 25%-40%A； 42-45 min， 40%-50%A； 45-50 min， 50%-60%A）， the flow rate was 0.35 mL·min^-1， the column temperature was 25 ℃， the detection wavelengths were 278 nm and 248 nm. UPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of Pipa Qingfeiyin substance benchmark were established， and the "Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine" software （2012 edition） was used for similarity analysis， and the common peaks were assigned. Cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to evaluate the fingerprint data. UPLC fingerprint method was used to simultaneously determine the contents of five components in the substance benchmark. Result:The method validation of fingerprint and determination method was good， the similarities between 15 batches of Pipa Qingfeiyin substance benchmark and their control fingerprint were ≥0.997， 23 common peaks were identified and 11 chromatographic peaks were identified. CA， PCA and OPLS-DA divided 15 batches of the substance benchmark into two groups. The linear relationship of phellodendrine hydrochloride， chlorogenic acid， berberine hydrochloride， palmatine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate was good in a certain range of concentration （<italic>R</italic>²>0.999）， their average recovery was 96.47%-101.16%， and the contents of these five components in the substance benchmark were 0.87-2.00， 1.53-5.95， 18.45-33.97， 3.87-6.29， 1.02-4.12 mg·g^-1， respectively. Conclusion:The established UPLC fingerprint and multi-index component content determination methods have strong specificity， good resolution and high sensitivity， it can be characterized except for the Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma flavor， which can provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of Pipa Qingfeiyin compound preparation.

Establishment of UPLC Fingerprint and Quantitative Analysis of Multi-components of Shengyutang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint of Shengyutang and quantitative analysis method of 11 index components in this famous classical formula. Method:UPLC-diode array detector/evaporative light scattering detector （UPLC-PDA/ELSD） was used， two chromatographic conditions were established by different detectors according to the polarity of chemical components. Conditions of fingerprint 1 were as follows：ACQUITY UPLC HSS T₃ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 µm） with the mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-0.6% formic acid solution （C） for gradient elution （0-4 min， 0-4%A； 4-8 min， 4%A； 8-9 min， 4%-8%A； 9-14 min， 8%-9%A； 14-21 min， 9%-15%A； 21-26 min， 15%-17%A； 26-30 min， 17%-20%A； 30-35 min， 20%-32%A； 35-40 min， 32%-40%A； 40-50 min， 40%-80%A； 50-55 min， 80%A）， the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1， PDA with detection wavelengths of 280 nm and 321 nm， the column temperature at 30 ℃. Conditions of fingerprint 2 were as follows：the CORTECS C₁₈ column （3.0 mm×100 mm， 2.7 µm） with the mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-water （D） for gradient elution （0-11 min， 19%A； 11-16 min， 19%-25%A； 16-34 min， 25%-28%A； 34-47 min， 28%-47%A； 47-60 min， 47%-80%A）， the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min^-1， ELSD with drift tube temperature of 95 ℃， the carrier gas （air） flow rate of 2.0 L·min^-1， and the column temperature at 30 ℃. UPLC-PDA/ELSD fingerprints of 15 batches of Shengyutang were established， and the similarity was evaluated by similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine （2012 edition） issued by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission， and the contents of eleven index components in this famous classical formula were determined. Result:The similarities of UPLC-PDA/ELSD fingerprints of 15 batches of Shengyutang were >0.98 by comparing with the control fingerprint， 27 and 16 common peaks were identified in fingerprint 1， 2， respectively. It was tested and verified that the precision， repeatability， stability， linear relationship and other results of this method all met the requirements of the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic>. The contents of chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， calycosin glucoside， verbascoside， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide H， senkyunolide A， ginsenoside Rg₁， ginsenoside Re， ginsenoside Rb₁ and astragaloside A in 15 batches of Shengyutang were 0.063-0.193， 0.509-0.638， 0.160-0.318， 0.012-0.056， 0.394-0.519， 0.110-0.143， 0.031-0.097， 0.382-0.595， 0.292-0.505， 0.590-0.803， 0.142-0.367 mg·g^-1， respectively. Conclusion:The established detection method meets the requirements of the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic>， which can characterize the overall characteristics of chemical components in Shengyutang， and provide experimental basis for the quality standard research of this famous classical formula.

Application of optical trocar insertion in laparoscopic surgery after previous abdominal surgery / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the value of optical trocar insertion technique in establishing pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery after previous abdominal surgery. Methods A total of 29 patients, with a history of abdominal surgery, who planned to undergo laparoscopic liver surgery were enrolled and randomly divided into optical trocar insertion group and open approach group. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of ranked data between groups. Results There were no procedure-related complications in either group. Compared with the open approach group, the optical trocar insertion group had a significantly shorter time required to establish pneumoperitoneum [35.00 (21.00-46.00) seconds vs 180.00 (152.50-252.50) seconds, U =0, P < 0.001] and a significantly smaller incision length [1.10(1.00-1.20) cm vs 2.80(2.45-3.00) cm, U =0, P < 0.001]. Conclusion Both optical trocar insertion and open approach for establishing pneumoperitoneum is relatively safe in patients undergoing laparoscopic liver surgery after previous abdominal surgery, while optical trocar insertion has the advantages of high efficiency and minimal invasiveness in establishing pneumoperitoneum.

Application of optical trocar insertion in laparoscopic surgery after previous abdominal surgery / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the value of optical trocar insertion technique in establishing pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery after previous abdominal surgery. Methods A total of 29 patients, with a history of abdominal surgery, who planned to undergo laparoscopic liver surgery were enrolled and randomly divided into optical trocar insertion group and open approach group. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of ranked data between groups. Results There were no procedure-related complications in either group. Compared with the open approach group, the optical trocar insertion group had a significantly shorter time required to establish pneumoperitoneum [35.00 (21.00-46.00) seconds vs 180.00 (152.50-252.50) seconds, U =0, P < 0.001] and a significantly smaller incision length [1.10(1.00-1.20) cm vs 2.80(2.45-3.00) cm, U =0, P < 0.001]. Conclusion Both optical trocar insertion and open approach for establishing pneumoperitoneum is relatively safe in patients undergoing laparoscopic liver surgery after previous abdominal surgery, while optical trocar insertion has the advantages of high efficiency and minimal invasiveness in establishing pneumoperitoneum.

MicroRNA-378a-3p Downregulation as a Novel Biomarker with Poor Clinical Outcomes in Cervical Cancer / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in gynecology. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of serum microRNA (miR)-378a-3p in CC and the effect of miR-378a-3p on tumor growth.@*Methods@#Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to measure the expression of miR-378a-3p in serum from patients with CC and healthy control subjects as well as from CC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The association between serum miR-378a-3p levels and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The correlation between miR-378a-3p levels and overall survival (OS) of CC patients was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The CC cell proliferation and migration abilities after transfection of miR-378a-3p mimics were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and scratch wound healing assays, respectively. Tumor volume and weight in mice treated with miR-378a-3p were measured using a caliper and an electronic balance.@*Results@#MiR-378a-3p expression was downregulated in the serum and tissues of CC patients compared to that in healthy control subjects and normal tissues, respectively. Low expression of miR-378a-3p was positively correlated with large tumor size, advanced tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis. The OS of patients with low expression of miR-378a-3p was significantly lower than that of patients with high expression. Overexpression of miR-378a-3p suppressed the proliferation and migration of CC cells. @*Conclusion@#MiR-378a-3p downregulation is associated with the development and prognosis of CC, suggesting that it may be a potential biomarker for CC.

Cement augmented pedicle screw combined with vertebroplasty for the treatment of Kümmell's disease with type Ⅲ / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical effect of cement-augmented pedicle screw combined with vertebroplasty in treating Kümmell disease with type Ⅲ.@*METHODS@#From January 2015 to December 2018, 37 patients with type Ⅲ Kümmell disease were retrospectively analyzed, including 11 males and 26 females, aged from 61 to 84 years old with an average of (68.6±4.2) years old, and the courses of disease ranged from 2 to 10 months with an average of(6.5±2.3) months. Nine patients were grade C, 20 patients were grade D and 8 patients were grade E according to Frankle grading. All patients were treated by cement-augmented pedicle screw combined with vertebroplasty. Operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, hospital stay and complicationswere observed after oeprtaion. Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), height of anterior vertebral body, Cobb angle before and after operation were compared.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 12 to 60 months with an average of (22.4±10.9) months. Operation time was (240.9±77.4) min, blood loss was (315.0±149.2) ml, postoperative drainage was (220.8±72.0) ml, hospital stay was (12.6±4.7) days. One patient occurred incision redness and 1 patient occurred infection after opertaion. No loosening of bone cement occurred. Postopertaive VAS and ODI were lower than that of before opertaion(@*CONCLUSION@#Cement-augmented pedicle screw combined with vertebroplasty is a safe and effective method for the tretament of Kümmell disease with type Ⅲ.

Effect of cooperation between transporters and metabolic enzymes on drug disposition by intestine and liver / 药学学报

Drug transporters and metabolic enzymes are the key proteins in the disposition of drugs in the body. In recent years it has been found that there is a cooperative relationship between drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes. Functional changes in drug transporters or metabolizing enzyme can affect the ability to eliminate drugs. Therefore, it is important to clarify this cooperative relationship, which is directly related to the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse effects of drugs. Intestine and liver are the main organs of drug metabolism. There are abundant drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes in the tissues. This paper reviews the influence of the cooperative relationship between drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes on drug disposition by intestine and liver.

Screening for potential bioactive components of Yin-zhi-huang using high bilirubin HepaRG cells incubating with serum from animals / 药学学报

A hyper-bilirubin cell model was established for its relevance to the pathological state of jaundice in human. This model was used to screen for the pharmacological components of Yin-Zhi-huang (YZH). Total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin in cells, and direct bilirubin in extracellular fluid were quantified after HepaRG cells were incubated with serum from rats injected with multiple components of YZH. Cellular uptake was determined by dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (DMRM) using LC-MS/MS. We found that the stable hyper-bilirubin HepaRG cell model could be established by incubating cells with 40 μg·mL-1 bilirubin and 50 μg·mL-1 probenecid. When the hyper-bilirubin cell model was incubated with serum from rats of YZH injection, there were 52.4% and 60.1% decrease in intercellular total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin, respectively, and 52.5% increase in extracellular direct bilirubin. Using DMRM mode, 53 components could be determined, and 8 potential bioactive candidates were identified from the serum. This method could be used to screen for bioactive metabolites of YZH. This strategy is simple, highly active, sensitive and specific, providing a new method for high throughput screening of therapeutic or toxic metabolites from traditional Chinese medicine. The regulations of Ethics Committee in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University were abided in the rat experiment of this study.

Carriage prevalence and drug resistance profile of MRSA and MSSA strains isolated from newborns / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To determine the carriage prevalence and antibiotics resistance profile of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) strains isolated from newborns. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Shenzhen from August to November 2015. Cotton swab samples were collected from 1834 newborns. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by general laboratory tests, and antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles was tested. Results In total, 3.27% (60/1 834) Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains were isolated, including 0.82% (15/1 834) MRSA and 2.45% (45/1 834) MSSA. Most MRSA and MSSA strains were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin but less than 10% strains resistant to linezolid. Drugs resistance rates of MRSA to erythromycin, moxifloxacin and clindamycin were all higher than that of MSSA (all P<0.05). The multidrug-resistant risk of MRSA (80.00%) was 12.36 times higher than that of MSSA (24.44%). Conclusions Multidrug-resistant SA especially MRSA strains isolated from newborns had the higher prevalence, the drugs resistance rate of MRSA strains was more serious than that of MSSA.

Antiviral activity of nano-realgar against herpes simplex virus Type II in vitro / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To explore the antiviral activity of nano-realgar against herpes simplex virus Type II (HSV-2) in vitro.
 Methods: Acyclovir (ACV) as a positive control, the cytotoxicity of nano-realgar at different concentrations (including 200.00, 150.00, 100.00, 50.00, 25.00, 12.50, 6.25, 3.13, 1.54, 0.78, 0.39 and 0 mg/L) on normal Vero cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. HSV-2 virus titer was determined by plaque assay, and the Vero cells model of HSV-2 infection was established. Subsequently, the antiviral effects of nano-realgar at different concentrations (including 20.00, 10.00, 5.00, 2.50, 1.25, 0.63, 0.31, 0.15, 0.08, 0.04 and 0 mg/L) on infected cells model were evaluated by the observation of cytopathic effect (CPE) and MTT method under the 3 modes including pre-treatment, treatment and direct inactivation.
 Results: The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of nano-realgar on Vero cells was 37.15 mg/L. The titer of HSV-2 was 7.30 log PFUs/mL. In the 3 modes, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of nano-realgar on HSV-2 infected Vero cells were 0.13, 1.80 and 0.52 mg/L, and the corresponding therapeutic index (TI) were 285.77, 20.64, 71.44, respectively. The TI value of nano-realgar on pre-treatment mode was higher than that of nano-realgar on treatment and direct inactivation modes.
 Conclusion: Nano-realgar can play a good anti-HSV-2 activity in the 3 modes (pre-treatment, treatment and direct inactivation), and the anti-HSV-2 efficacy of nano-realgar on pre-treatment mode is better than that of nano-realagr on other 2 modes.

Application and effect evaluation of "3-PR" participatory health education model in the improvement of health literacy of secondary health school / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To compare the effect of two different methods of "3-PR" participatory health education and traditional distribution of publicity materials on health literacy improvement of medical students, to provide a reference for making more effective measure to improve health literacy.@*Methods@#173 Second-grade students in nursing major were selected in a secondary vocational school in Datong City. Two different intervention methods were used to intervene for 8 weeks. The experimental group (92 students) received "3-PR" participatory health education; the traditional health education intervention in the control group(81 students). The "National Residents’ Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire 2015" was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention, and to compare the effects before and after the intervention.@*Results@#The average score of health literacy was (36.04±9.43) points and (36.01±10.17) points before and after intervention in the control group; (35.78±8.91) points and (49.53±13.53) points before and after intervention in the experimental group; No statistical difference between experimental and control group was found before intervention(t=0.18, P=0.86); There was no significant difference in health literacy score before and after intervention for the control group(t=0.03, P=0.98); Health literacy significantly increased in the experimental group after intervention(t=-11.36, P=0.00). Adequate health literacy accounted for 3.70% and 4.94% before and after intervention in the control group and 4.35% and 45.65% in the experimental group before and after intervention. No significant difference was found in adequate health literacy proportion between the two groups before intervention(χ2=0.00, P=1.00). However, the difference showed statistically significant after intervention(χ2=36.58, P=0.00). The change of health literacy score in the control group and the experimental group was (-0.02±7.52) and (12.75±10.77), respectively, accounting for 1.24% decrement and 41.30% increment. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=-8.93, P=0.00). The dimension-and type-specific score of health literacy showed similar pattern.@*Conclusion@#The "3-PR" participatory health education model is more effective than the traditional health education method in improving health literacy, and it could be carried out by multi-disciplinary students.

Quantitative evaluation of image quality of megavoltage computed tomography for guiding helical tomotherapy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To quantitatively analyze image quality of two sets of phantom (CatPhan504 and Cheese) Megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) images acquired by Helical Tomotherapy with three scanning modes (Fine, Normal and Coarse), and to explore and validate a semi-automatic quality assurance procedure for MVCT images of Helical Tomotherapy.@*METHODS@#On Helical Tomotherapy, CatPan504 and Cheese phantoms were scanned with three pitch levels (Fine, Normal, Coarse: 4 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm/circle) respectively. Pylinac, Matlab and Eclipse were used to calculate and compare spatial resolution, noise level and low contrast resolution of images obtained under three scanning modes respectively. The spatial resolution can be evaluated by the blurring of line-pair CT value in the images of CatPhan504's CTP528 module. The noise level can be evaluated by the integral non-uniformity in the images of Cheese's uniformity module. the low contrast resolution can be evaluated by contrast-to-noise ratio of both phantoms' plug-in module, or visibility of the region of interest (Supra-Slice) in the images of CatPhan504's CTP515 module.@*RESULTS@#Analyses on CatPhan504's line pair module(CTP528 module) showed that the first three line pairs(the gap size are 0.500 cm, 0.250 cm and 0.167 cm respectively) could be clearly observed but blurring began to occur from the fourth line pair(the gap size is 0.125 cm) under Coarse mode. Meanwhile, the first four line pairs were all observable under the Normal and Fine modes. Integral non-integrity index(the value negatively correlated with the noise level) were 0.155 7, 0.136 8 and 0.122 9 for Coarse, Normal and Fine modes respectively. None of the Supra-Slice in CatPhan504's CTP515 module could be observed under three imaging modes. Low contrast contrast-to-noise ratio of Cheese phantom was similar under three modes and the insert visibility exhibited nearly linear growth with the increasing difference between CT average value of the insert material and background.@*CONCLUSION@#Superiority and inferiority of three image modes in terms of the three image quality index was not consistent. Evaluation results above could provide reference for more rational decision on scanning modes selection of helical tomotherapy, which was based on image visualization demands in clinical practice. The proposed method could also provide guidance for similar image quality assessment and periodic quality assurance.

Combining K-line to analyse the relationship between cervical range of motion of patients with ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament and surgical prognosis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Combining K-line (the connecting line of the midpoint of C₂ and C₇ spinal canal on the cervical lateral X-ray film) to analyze the relationship between cervical range of motion of patients with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and surgical prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total 42 patients with ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament underwent cervical posterior single open-door laminoplasty between April 2014 and March 2017 were retrospectively ananyzed. The patients were dividing into K-line (+) group and K-line (-) group according to the position realationship of OPLL and K-line. The lesion of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament was not over than the K-line known as K-line (+). Conversely, the lesion of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament crossing the K-line was called K-line (-). Preoperative and postoperative 3 months JOA scores were observed, and postoperative 3 months JOA improvement rate were computed to assess patient's neurological function recovery. Preoperation and postoperative 3 months, OPLL occupation ratio (OOR), cervical lordotic angles (CLA) and cervical lordotic value (CLV) were measured respectively. The realationship between postoperative neurologic functional recovery in patients of CLV>0 group and CLV<=0 group was evaluated in different K-line subgroups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the patients in K (+) group and K (-) group, preoperative CLA were (14.7±9.6)° and (-6.4±9.5)°(<0.05) respectively, postoperative at 3 months CLA were (14.0±8.0)° and (-1.4±10.4)°(<0.05) respectively; preoperative JOA scores were 10.9±3.2 and 11.2±2.5 (>0.05) respectively, postoperative at 3 months JOA scores were 14.2±1.8 and 12.6±2.2 (<0.05) respectively, and postoperative at 3 months JOA score improvement rate were (54.7±17.6)% and (25.5±15.7)%(<0.05) respectively. In the K-line (+) group, there were 29 patients in CLV>0 group at 3 months after operation, with improvement rate of (52.3±17.2)%, and 4 patients in CLV<=0 group, with improvement rate of (72.2±7.8)%. The improvement rate of the patients in CLV<=0 group was significantly better than that of the patients in CLV>0 group (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>No matter whether the ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament was classified as K-line (+) or K-line (-), the cervical posterior single open-door laminoplasty can improve the neurological symptoms of patients, especially the patients in the K-line(+) group with better prognosis. The patinets in K-line(+) group, when postoperative at 3 months CLV>0, their improvement rate was lower than that of the patients with postoperative at 3 months CLV<=0.</p>

Comparison on value of X-ray and CT guided percutaneous biopsy in diagnosis of thoracic and lumbar space occupying lesions / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of intraoperative X-ray guided and CT guided percutaneous biopsy in the diagnosis of thoracic and lumbar space occupying lesions.Methods A total of 97 patients with thoracic and lumbar space occupying lesions who were not diagnosed clinically in our hospital from May 2011 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent percutaneous vertebral biopsy under the guidance of Artis-Zeego robot in the Artis-Zeego complex operating room of our hospital.Thoracic vertebral body biopsy in patients with a total of 46 cases were divided into T group,in which X-ray guided percutaneous biopsy in 25 cases were divided into T-x group,CT guided percutaneous biopsy in 21 cases were divided into T-ct group.Lumbar puncture biopsy in patients with a total of 51 cases were divided into L group,in which X-ray guided percutaneous live review of 24 cases were divided into L-x group,CT guided percutaneous biopsy in 27 cases were divided into L-ct group.According to the packet respectively in X-ray or CT monitoring,the use of bone biopsy needle under local anesthesia,transpedicular approach for spinal lesions of bone amount,by changing the working path or direction bone biopsy needle of different diameter to save drilling samples which were immediately placed in 10％ formalin,specimens were sent for pathological examination and corresponding pathological and cytological examination.The success rate,diagnostic accuracy and complications of percutaneous biopsy were compared between the two groups in X-ray and CT guided percutaneous vertebral biopsy.Results T-x group of 25 patients,5 patients with puncture failure for intraoperative X-ray monitoring difficulties were transferred to puncture under the guidance of CT,the success rate of puncture was 80％ (20/25).Of the patients with success puncture,6 cases were unidentified by pathological examination,the total diagnostic accuracy rate of biopsy in T-x group was 70％ (14/20).The success rate of puncture in T-ct group was 100％,significantly higher than that of T-x group(P ＜ 0.05).In T-ct group,3 cases were unidentified by pathological examination,the total diagnostic accuracy rate of biopsy was 88.5 ％ (23/26),which was significantly higher than that of T-x group (P ＜ 0.05).In the L-x group,1 case with puncture failure for pain during the operation,the success rate of puncture was 95.8％ (23/24),patients of L-ct group were successfully punctured,the success rate was 100％,the difference between the two groups was not significant(P ＞ 0.05).In the L-x group,2 patients failed to confirm the diagnosis,the diagnostic total accuracy rate of L-x group was 87.5％ (21/23);of the L-ct group,1 cases failed to confirm the diagnosis,the diagnosis total accuracy rate of L-ct group was 96.3％ (26/27),the difference between two groups was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Complications:In the T-x group,1 cases received additional local anesthetic after puncture for pain;1 patients had transient lower extremity paresthesia,and the symptoms were improved 1 weeks later;1 case with intraoperation puncture site paining was not alleviated and had to stop the puncture.All patients with CT guided biopsy had no complications.Conclusion CT and X-ray guided percutaneous biopsy has important significance in diagnosis and treatment of spinal lesions,and CT guided percutaneous biopsy is safer for thoracic lesions with higher diagnostic rate,while for lumbar lesions fluoroscopy,X-ray or CT guided percutaneous biopsy has the same security and diagnostic rate.

Accuracy analysis of screw-setting through second sacral alar-iliac with interoperative cone beam CT scan / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and safety of screw placement position through second sacral alar -iliac(S2AI)with in-teroperative cone beam CT(CBCT)scan.Methods Collected 22 patients who underwent second sacral alar-iliac screw implant surgery in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2017.All the patients had intraoperative CBCT scan and conventional CT scan after operation.Regard the postoperative CT scan imageing as gold standard to assess the accuracy and safety of S 2AI screws position.The S2AI tract parameters were measured with intraoperative CBCT images and postoperative CT images respectively.Results There was no significant difference between the S2AI tract parameters which were measured with intraoperative CBCT images and postoperative CT images(P>0.05).Conclusion The intraoperative CBCT scan could accurately evaluate the position of S 2AI screws,as well as clarify the damage of the inner and outer plate of the iliac bone in the process of fixation.Compared with postoperative conventional CT scan,the intraoperative CBCT scan can potentially re-duce the reoperation rate.